金矿类型的多样化,决定了开采方式也不尽相同。岩金矿主要为地下开采和露天开采;砂金矿主要为露天开采。 我国河流冲积型砂金矿在砂金总储量中占比重较大,因而形成了目前的砂金开采,以船采方式为主,水力开采、挖掘机开采为辅的格局。 我国砂金开采的特点一是点多面广、规模不大。二是由于北部非冻结型砂金矿大部分已开发利用,冻结型砂金矿在开采利用中比例逐渐增大。在南方砂金矿体之上的农田之中的巨砾和胶结层成为砂金开采难以克服的障碍。此外洪水的威胁、同一矿体厚度与埋藏深度的较大变化给建船带来的种种不利,再加上外部建设条件困难,投资增幅越来越大,开采日趋复杂。我国采金船开采从无到有,从小型(50L)到大型(300L),从黑龙江走向全国,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。
The types of gold deposits are diversified, and the mining methods are not the same. The rock gold deposit is mainly underground mining and open pit mining, and the gold deposit is mainly open pit mining. China's rivers alluvial placer gold in placer gold reserves accounted for larger proportion, thus forming the placer mining, to dredging mode, hydraulic mining, mining excavator, supplemented by the pattern. The characteristics of placer gold mining in China is a broad area, small scale. The second is due to the northern part of non frozen placer gold most has been developed using frozen placer gold in exploitation and utilization ratio increases gradually. On the south of the placer gold deposit farmland boulders and cementation layer become difficult to overcome the obstacles of placer gold mining. In addition, the threat of flood, the same ore body thickness and buried depth of the larger changes to the construction of the ship brought a variety of adverse, coupled with the external conditions of construction difficulties, increasing investment, mining is becoming increasingly complex. China's gold mining from scratch, from small (50L) to large (300L), from Heilongjiang to the whole country, has made remarkable achievements.
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